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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00244_Field_frep53b.txt
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1996-12-30
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Here the other hemisphere is
cut so that the knife grazes the
buried part of the striate cortex.
We can now see hints of stripes
in the upper part of 4C. (These
stripes are in a subdivision
related to the magnocellular
geniculate layers. The deeper
part, ß, forms a continuous ring
around a and so presumably is
later in segregating.)
Only when we sliced the cortex
parallel to its surface was it
possible to see a faint ripple at
half-millimeter intervals, as
shown in the autoradiograph at
left. Evidently, fibers from the
geniculate that grow into the
cortex do not immediately go to
and branch in separate left-eye
and right-eye regions. They
first send branches everywhere
over a radius of a few
millimeters, and only later,
around the time of birth, do
they retract and adopt their
final distributions. The faint
ripples in the newborn make it
clear that the retraction has
already begun before birth; in
fact, by injecting the eyes of
fetal monkeys (a difficult feat)
Pasko Rakic has shown that it
begins a few weeks before birth.
By injecting one eye of monkeys
at various ages after birth we
could easily show that in the
first two or three weeks a steady
retraction of fiber terminals
takes place in layer 4, so that by
the fourth week the formation
of the stripes is complete.
We easily confirmed the idea
of postnatal retraction of
terminals by making records
from layer 4C in monkeys soon
after birth. As the electrode
traveled along the layer
parallel to the surface, we
could evoke activity from the
two eyes at all points along the
electrode track, instead of the
crisp eye-alternation seen in
adults. Carla Shatz has shown
that an analogous process of
development occurs in the cat
geniculate: in fetal cats, many
geniculate cells temporarily
receive input from both eyes,
but they lose one of the inputs
as the layering becomes
established.